Executives from OpenAI and Anthropic told a UK parliamentary committee on October 13 that voluntary pledges are no longer enough and that AI safety duties should be set in law. Anthropic's European policy head argued the rules should be binding, while OpenAI's EMEA policy chief backed a statutory framework with mandatory incident reporting as a starting point.

Google DeepMind and Meta, giving evidence at the same session, did not back new legislation. Google's representative pointed to standards, and Meta's pointed to existing British regulators, exposing a clear two-against-two split among the four frontier labs on whether a statute is needed.

Both OpenAI and Anthropic also told MPs they would stop a deployment if the AI Security Institute or the security services showed them a model was unsafe. The institute's own position underlines why the argument matters: it can only test models companies hand over, and it has no power to block a release.